In the context of constantly developing digital technology, 3D digitization of artifacts has become an indispensable part of heritage conservation, restoration and research. Choosing the right digitization method also plays a key role.
Of the three popular methods for digitizing artifacts including 3D scanning using structured light, laser scanning and photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning stands out with its high accuracy, fast speed and non-contact scanning ability, especially effective for large artifacts and those with complex surfaces.
Mechanism of operation of 3D laser scanners
Laser scanners operate based on the principle of projecting one or more laser beams onto the surface of an object. The reflected beams from the surface will be captured by a specialized camera system. By analyzing the change in the reflection angle, the device will calculate the exact spatial position of each point on the object's surface. The result is a 3D model in the form of a point cloud, fully reproducing the shape and geometric structure of the specimen.
The special feature of this technology lies in the ability to collect data from very long distances, up to kilometers depending on the machine model, while still ensuring high accuracy, usually less than 5mm. Each second, the system can record from tens of thousands to millions of points, allowing for quick scanning of large surfaces or complex details.
For objects whose size exceeds the range of a single scan, the user will place the device in many different locations around the object. After completing the data collection at the stations, the software system will automatically connect and align the point clouds to create a complete model in three-dimensional space.
Once the point cloud model is created, the data can be processed immediately: measured directly, exported to popular CAD/CAM software, built 3D Solid models or integrated into BIM systems to serve the creation of 2D technical drawings, architectural models, or detailed digital maps.
This is a particularly effective method in jobs requiring high precision such as jig measurement, digitizing the current state of construction, restoring historical relics, or reverse engineering mechanical products.
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3D laser scanning technology is the optimal choice for units wishing to access modern, accurate and effective digital solutions. Although the investment cost is relatively large, the value it brings in shortening time, increasing accuracy and improving work efficiency is completely worth it. This is certainly an important step in the digital transformation journey of the engineering and heritage conservation industries today.
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